Everyones a terrorist, in a game 1:4 or 1:3 of people or so will be a "Traitor" terrorist, and for every 2-3 traitors there is 1 detective I believe? Everyone else is innocent.
Weapons are found among various places on the map, the idea is if the traitors kill all the innocents (including the detective, they're considered innocent) then they win, if the innocents kill all the traitors they win.
When you kill someone, if tells you if they were a traitor, who the last person they saw was, how they were killed, and how long ago they were killed. Anyone can see that info
The detectives have items they can buy, like a DNA Scanner for instance. You can scan a dead body for DNA, and it'll help you track down who killed the person. You can also buy a health station for people to gain health (incuding traitors), or an upgraded gun
Traitors can buy C4 to place timed charges, or buy a knife, 1 hit kill typically and it's a silent kill, 1 time use, this is where the dna scanner can screw you though. You can also buy a silenced pistol, but you're the only that can get that as a traitor, so better be sure no one is looking when you use it.
It's basically a really fun version of clue, but on a CS mod. Some maps have traitor rooms where they can spring traps and what not which is fun